Growing your own food is not only rewarding but also promotes self-reliance. I just finished planting 6 blueberry plants and did quite a bit of research to make sure I did it right. We’ll see….LOL. Blueberries, delectable and nutritious, are a welcome addition to our Maine homestead. In this article, we’ll dive into the planting and growing of blueberry plants. From soil preparation and soil amendments to selecting the right blueberry species and understanding the fertilization process, we’ll equip you with the knowledge you need to cultivate a thriving blueberry harvest.
1. Soil Preparation:
The foundation for successful blueberry growing is soil preparation. Blueberries thrive in acidic soil with a pH range of 4.0 to 5.5. Follow these steps to prepare your soil:
a. Soil Testing: Begin by testing the pH of your soil. Soil testing kits are available at garden centers or through online retailers. If the pH is too high, you will need to lower it to create an acidic environment suitable for blueberries. NOTE: Test your soil in several areas as it may vary depending on where you test.
b. Soil Amendments: To lower the soil pH and improve its fertility, use the following organic amendments into the top 6-8 inches of soil:
– Peat Moss: Peat moss is highly effective in increasing soil acidity. Mix it thoroughly into the soil, aiming for a ratio of one part peat moss to two parts soil.
– Pine Needles: Pine needles are naturally acidic and can help maintain the desired pH level. Use them as mulch or incorporate them into the soil to enhance acidity.
– Well-Rotted Sawdust: Sawdust, particularly from coniferous trees, can contribute to soil acidity. Ensure it is well-rotted to prevent nitrogen depletion, and mix it evenly into the soil.
c. Organic Matter: Blueberries thrive in well-draining soil rich in organic matter. Prior to planting, incorporate compost or well-rotted manure into the soil to enhance its structure and fertility. Aim for a 2-3 inch layer and mix it evenly into the topsoil.
d. Mulching: Blueberries benefit from mulching to conserve soil moisture and suppress weed growth. Apply a layer of organic mulch, such as wood chips, pine needles, or straw, around the base of the plants, leaving a gap around the stem to prevent rotting.
2. Selecting Blueberry Species:
Choosing the right blueberry species is important for your planting area and space. Consider the following recommendations:
a. Highbush Blueberries:
Blueberry plants come in two main types: highbush and lowbush. Highbush blueberries grow in a wider geographic range and they are a common choice for home gardeners. Is that you? Highbush types are the typical types found in grocery stores and they can grow upwards of 6-12 feet tall!!!
– ‘Bluecrop’: This variety is renowned for its abundant, medium-sized berries and excellent flavor. It is winter-hardy and adapts well to various growing conditions.
– ‘Jersey’: Known for its high yield and disease resistance, ‘Jersey’ produces large, flavorful berries. It is a reliable choice for home gardeners.
– ‘Duke’: This variety is prized for its early ripening and robust, medium-sized berries. ‘Duke’ performs well in both cool and warmer climates.
b. Lowbush Blueberries:
Lowbush are just that – low to the ground meaning they simply do not grow as tall. Typical height is around 2 feet. Lowbush are popular in Canada and Maine and grows all the way down to North Carolina.
– ‘Top Hat’: Ideal for small gardens or container cultivation, ‘Top Hat’ is a compact variety that produces flavorful, small berries. It is also cold-hardy.
– ‘Northblue’: Well-suited for colder regions, ‘Northblue’ is a lowbush variety with medium-sized berries that are rich in flavor. It boasts exceptional cold tolerance.
3. Planting Techniques:
Proper planting techniques are crucial for the healthy establishment of blueberry plants:
a. Timing: Spring or early fall is the best time to plant blueberries. This allows the plants to develop a strong root system before facing extreme weather conditions.
b. Spacing: Blueberry plants should be spaced 4 to 6 feet apart, allowing sufficient airflow and sunlight penetration. Rows should have a spacing of 8 to 10 feet. [NOTE: With my most recent planting I spaced them around 5-6 feet apart. So far, so good]
c. Digging the Hole: Dig a hole at least 2X larger and deeper than the plant’s root ball. Gently loosen the roots and place the plant in the hole, ensuring it is at the same level as it was in the nursery container. Surround the plant with an excellent soil mixture to allow the roots to travel. Some will say a hole slightly larger than the root ball is fine. I recommend 2X.
d. Backfilling: Fill the hole with the amended soil mixture, gently firming it around the roots. Avoid compacting the soil too tightly, as blueberries prefer well-draining soil.
4. Fertilization:
Blueberries have specific nutrient requirements for optimal growth and fruit production. Follow these guidelines:
a. Organic Fertilizers: Utilize organic fertilizers formulated specifically for acid-loving plants. Apply them in early spring before new growth emerges, adhering to the manufacturer’s instructions.
b. Avoid Overfertilization: Excessive nitrogen can lead to vigorous foliage growth at the expense of fruit production. Always follow the recommended application rates to prevent overfertilization.
NOTE: Bone meal, good compost, and ammonium sulfate can be excellent fertilizers. Throwing some coffee grounds around your blueberry plants can be beneficial as well.
5. Pollination:
Blueberries are self-fertile, meaning they can produce fruit without cross-pollination. However, planting multiple varieties in your garden can enhance fruit set and yield. Encourage pollinators like bees by incorporating other flowering plants nearby.
Success!!!!!!
Time to Get Your Blueberry Plants!!
Planting and growing your own blueberries can be rewarding and promotes self-sustainability that can provide sustenance for years to come. By remembering the steps outlined in this guide, you can better your chances of successfully growing your blueberry plants. Remember to prioritize soil acidity and fertility by incorporating appropriate organic amendments, use correct planting techniques, and fertilize to promote growth. So e even say talking to your plants helps. Not so sure about that! 😄
Blueberries can be an excellent part of your homestead and survival garden. They also taste great in some blueberry muffins!! 👍
Rourke
Strawberries, had properly in Lincoln, ME years ago that had wild strawberries growing.
Sounds good. My father planted the best strawberries and the sweetest. And of course, because they came from him, they were extra special. He was a master gardener without any real training. He loved the land and soil so he was loved back by always having a great garden. The one thing he never planted was blueberries.
Here’s hoping your new Maine garden will do the same for you and bring great rewards in the kitchen.
I grew up in NE Ohio before moving to SW Florida when I was 15. My family had more than a hundred blueberry “trees” since some of them were older than me and my mother would add some more here and there. The secret to keeping the old ones going was pruning out the old wood. And man oh man that old wood is hard stuff! I would go up to visit them each Fall for a month or three to bow shoot three or four deer for my winter meat and help them out with the big country place. I kept a chipper up there and would bury the root zone of those bushes with a thick layer of mulch each year.
I remember reading about how some of the worry about making the soil acidic for them was overblown because blueberries will modify the PH by themselves. In any case, I saw to it that they had tons of chips and leaf mulch each year to feed them. I miss those times, my parents, and all those blueberry pies!
Birds took all mine-first year growing them. Absolutely have to do some kind of netting to keep them out. 🙁
My in-laws had blueberries when I met my husband almost 50 years ago, so they have to be at least 55 years old. They just planted them, no special soil amendments or testing was done. No mulching, nothing done at all. My brother-in-law lives there now and we all get some each year in spite of birds. Years ago they did cover with netting which made a huge difference. And 2 years ago a garter snake lived around them… best year ever, so sorry he moved on! Now my daughter’s family has purchased 2 new bushes still in the store pots and already bearing a little fruit. They have very rocky soil, and I sent them this article. Makes me want plants of my own. Thank you for so much information!